Today's comment is by Jack Crooks, our Currency Director and Editor of Crooks Currency Options and Crooks on Currencies.
Dear A-Letter Reader,
In school many years ago, when I was first learning this finance stuff, I had a crusty old finance professor. The first day of class he stood at the blackboard and drew a sloping line running from the bottom-left to upper-right of the board. He said to us, "Ladies and gentlemen, this is the cornerstone of all financial theory. It's called the risk/reward curve. All things in finance flow from this curve."
My crusty old professor knew nothing of the yen carry-trade or interlinked derivatives. None of that stuff even existed back then. Most likely, my old professor would never have dreamed that derivatives could create seemingly risk-free money out of thin air - and morph the risk/reward curve into a "reward/reward curve" in the minds of so many investors.
Since the Bank of Japan (BoJ) is in large part responsible for the new "reward/reward" curve know as the yen carry trade, I find it interesting that they even remember the old risk/reward curve still exists.
"If interest rates were left unchanged, regardless of economic fundamentals, low-cost funds can create unnecessary and one-side positions. This could eventually trigger massive unwinding of such positions and distort market activity," Bank of Japan Governor Toshihiko Fukui said after announcing a 25 basis point hike in interest rates this week.
Unfortunately those dipping into the BoJ punchbowl, like hedge fund managers, seem a bit too intoxicated with profits from continuously borrowing and selling yen to believe the yen carry-trade will ever unravel.
I use the word "unfortunately" because sooner or later this ticking time bomb of under pricing risk, due to easy access to such cheap money, will explode in the financial markets. Milton Friedman summed it up best when he quipped: "There's no such thing as a free lunch."
Yen Unraveling? "No way!" - says the Market
If you've read some of my A-Letter comments over the last several months you know that I think the Japanese yen is ridiculously cheap. And even though the Bank of Japan hiked rates, the yen got even cheaper.
With the gift of 20/20 hindsight, analysts say that traders focused on comments from the BoJ about an accommodative monetary policy going forward. Traders heard "accommodative monetary policy" and they translated that to mean: Japan won't hike rates again anytime soon. This emboldened more yen selling. But these same traders seemed to miss what the BoJ said about risk. In fact, I think everything the BoJ said about risk was lost in translation.
The return of risk into the market is the primary reason why I believe the yen will rally. Interest rates could play a contributing role, but it's secondary.
Let's look at Governor Fukui's words again, "...low-cost funds can create unnecessary and one-side positions. This could eventually trigger massive unwinding of such positions..."
So assuming the BoJ puts away the blunt instrument of hiking interest rates to increase the cost of borrowing yen, what else can they do? Well, when such borrowed funds are denominated in cheap Japanese yen, the answer is simple. The BoJ can increase the value of the yen.
If the yen appreciates, the effective cost of borrowing increases, even if Japanese lending rates remain the same. And the more the yen appreciates, the more yen borrowers will have to pay. Given the massive one-way bet against the yen right now, any risk of yen appreciation, will cause yen borrowers to stampede for the exits and dump their positions. The resulting typhoon of money buying yen to reverse the curry trade would likely crest over many markets.
The question is where might this yen appreciation come from? The market seems convinced such a yen appreciation can't happen. But it will happen. These distortions always have a way of correcting themselves. The only question is what will trigger it and when will it happen? No one knows. If anyone did, the one-way bet against the Japanese yen wouldn't be happening.
Here's one possibility I don't think the market is expecting--The Bank of Japan intervenes in the market to buy yen .
Japan is sitting on a huge stash of reserves. I believe it's around the US$800 billion mark-give or take US$50 billion either way. This is a mighty stash of cash that could do some major damage if the BoJ used this leverage to intervene in the forex markets. And especially if the BoJ chose to coordinate this intervention with another central bank, say the European Central Bank, for example.
Why would Japan jump in the market to strengthen the yen when their companies benefit from such a cheap yen on the export side? Credibility is the answer.
The European's are crying "Uncle!" to BoJ Governor Fukui-san. Germany, France, and Italy are getting hammered by the super-competitive, ultra-cheap yen. Europe is being flooded with Japanese cars. And global competition in machine tools can't be fun for Germany when it goes up against Japan. In short, the weak yen could snuff out European growth momentum even before it takes root.
The BoJ knows it is appearing a bit duplicitous in letting the yen weaken. For they have been quick on the trigger in the past to deploy their reserves in the foreign exchange market, selling yen, when it got too strong in the past. Consistency is part of a central bank's credibility.
Believe it or not, serious central banks value credibility-though many times it doesn't seem that way. And if the BoJ truly believes growth in the carry trade is endangering the system, they may feel compelled to act. Central banks have a fiduciary responsibility to safeguard capital above all else. They know they shouldn't be in the business of making financial speculation appear risk-free. I believe the BoJ's not so subtle hint about the fate of the carry-trade has been lost in translation.
The signs are all there...look for the yen to take off shortly.
JACK CROOKS, Currency Director
P.S. Crooks on Currencies members, look for a way to play the next big yen move...coming soon! Not a member? Click here to read my special report