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Online News Sources
Cyprus Mail: www.cyprus-mail.com
Financial Mirror: www.financialmirror.com
Business Environment
Cyprus has an
excellent business infrastructure with good telecommunications.
Nicosia, the administrative capital, is also the chief business centre,
although Limassol, with its port, and Larnaca, with the main airport,
are also significant in business terms.
There are a number of local banks, but many international banks have
formed offshore banking units on the island and provide services to
foreign or offshore companies. Business legislation created special
offshore regimes for a variety of types of business, including shipping
companies , insurance companies , and OFCs, although as from 2003 most
distinctions between 'offshore' and 'onshore' were abolished. There is
also legislation for Trusts modelled on English trust law.
Cyprus was listed by the Financial Stability Forum as a 'group three'
country (low quality of supervision of financial sector) but did not
appear on the Financial Action Task Force's blacklist of jurisdictions
deemed to be 'uncooperative' in preventing money laundering. Cyprus
signed a letter of commitment with the OECD promising to implement
exchange of information treaties in cases of civil and criminal tax
evasion. After the EU finally agreed its Tax Directive in June, 2003,
Cyprus announced that it would implement the 'information sharing'
provision of the Directive on entry to the Union in 2004. This means
that information about savings returns received in Cyprus by nationals
of other EU countries are now being passed to the tax authorities in
the individuals' home countries. In late 2003 the government also
announced plans to weaken previously tight banking confidentiality,
although these were strongly attacked by the banks.
Cyprus' Companies Law (as amended) is similar to the UK's former
Companies Act 1948. International business companies can be registered
as a public or private company incorporated in Cyprus, as a branch of
an overseas company, or as a general or limited partnership. Private
companies may be registered as exempt or non-exempt. An exempt private
company must not have corporate members, must disclose beneficial
owners, and must be owned by not more than 50 individuals. Exempt
companies do not need to annex a financial statement to a copy of the
annual report submitted to the Registrar of Companies, may give loans
and guarantees to directors, and may appoint auditors that do not have
statutory qualifications.
International business company registration is done through both the
Central Bank of Cyprus and the Registrar of Companies. The names of
beneficial owners must be disclosed to the central bank along with
references. Additional qualifications must be met by international
business companies engaged in banking, insurance or financial services
business. The names of registered owners are kept as public records at
the Registrar of Companies and the Official Receiver. Non-residents
need permits from the Central Bank under the Exchange Control Law.
International companies must belong exclusively to non-residents and
must conduct business outside of Cyprus. Business must be conducted
with foreign exchange. With the exception of exempt private companies,
international business companies must submit an annual audited
financial report to the Central Bank of Cyprus.
The Department of Merchant Shipping administers Cyprus' shipping
register. To register a vessel under the Cyprus flag, non-Cypriot
shipowners must first form a Cyprus shipping company as a private
company with limited liability under the Companies Law.
The Central Bank of Cyprus is the supervisory authority for persons and
entities offering money remittance services. In March 2002 a new money
laundering guidance note was issued, defining who are to be considered
principal beneficiary shareholders, requiring banks to identify the
persons who have ultimate control over a company's business and assets,
regardless of the percentage they hold in the company, and introducing
a new procedure for the identification and monitoring of accounts of
politically connected clients.
Further information on business registration is available at the Central Bank of Cyprus.
Taxes
In July 2002 the Cyprus Parliament enacted a series of new tax reforms
that took effect on January 1, 2003. The aim of such reforms was to
harmonize the tax Laws of Cyprus with European Union directives;
simplify and modernize the Cyprus tax system, and also make Cyprus a
more attractive international tax jurisdiction.
Significant changes in the Cyprus tax system include the adoption of
residency rather than source as the basis of taxation, the elimination
of any corporate tax rate difference between offshore and onshore
business enterprises, and the abolition of certain personal allowances
and deductions.
The corporate tax rate is 10% and 15% depending on the amount of a
company's chargeable income. For the years of assessment 2003 and 2004,
companies with a chargeable income over CYŁ1 million (about US$2
million) becomes subject to an additional 5% tax on the amount over
CYŁ1 million. Every 'public corporate body' (a legal person of public
law or any other public corporate body established by law) is subject
to levy of special contribution for the Defence of the Republic Law
(2002) at the rate of 3% on its chargeable income except on income from
dividends, interest and rents and before the deduction of losses.
Source: KPMG.
Under amended income tax legislation, Cyprus residents will be taxed on
their worldwide income, while non-residents will be taxed on their
Cyprus income. Residence for individuals will be assumed if the
individual stays for more than 183 days in a calendar year. For legal
entities residence in Cyprus will be assumed if management and control
is carried out in Cyprus. The value added tax (VAT) rate was increased
to 15% from January 2003.
Stock Exchange
The Cyprus Stock Exchange (CSE) had 149 listed securities as at the
end of 2004. The total market capitalization was CYŁ2.0 billion (EUR
3.5 billion) on 31 December 2004. The overall supervision of the stock
exchange is assigned to the minister of finance and is exercised by the
minister through the Securities and Exchange Commission.
In
March 2002 a co-operation agreement was announced between the CSE and
the Athens Stock Exchange, which will include provision for the setting
up of a Cyprus derivatives market. In May, 2003, the CSE announced its
participation in the FTSE Med 100 Index which was officially launched
in June. It consists of 100 stocks from the Athens, Tel Aviv and Cyprus
stock exchanges (weighted 56.55%, 42.55% and 0.89% respectively).
In June, 2004, the CSE announced a package of new measures that it
hopes will revive the fortunes of the institution by bringing it into
line with internationally accepted practices and European Union
Directives. Under the plan, the bourse split into three separate
markets in 2005: the Main, Parallel and Alternative markets. In
addition, there are separate markets for government and corporate bonds
and mutual funds.
Key Contacts
International Business Department
International Division
Central Bank of Cyprus
80 Kennedy Avenue
P.O.Box 25529
CY-1395, Nicosia
Cyprus
Fax: (357) 2 378164
E-mail: idoe@centralbank.gov.cy
Internet: www.centralbank.gov.cy
Cyprus Stock Exchange
Kampou St, IMC Strovolos
P.O. Box 25427
Nicosia 1309 Cyprus
Tel: (357) 22 712300
Fax: (357) 22 570308
E-mail: info@cse.com.cy
Internet: http://kypros.org/CSE/
Key Stats
Country name: Republic of Cyprus
Population (July 2005 est.,) 780,133 in the Republic of Cyprus. Ethnic
composition: Greeks 77%, Turks 18%, Others 5%. The official languages
are Greek and Turkish. English is spoken by a large sector of the
population.
Capital: Nicosia
Currency: Cyprus pound. US$1 = CŁ0.46 Cyprus pound (September 2005)
Legal system:
Minor offences are heard in District Court while more serious crimes
are heard in Assize Courts. All appeals are heard by the Supreme Court,
which is also the final court of appeal.
Government:
Multi-party system of democracy based on proportional representation.
The head of state is the president who is elected by universal suffrage
for a five-year term of office. The Council of Ministers, who are
appointed by the president, forms the executive. Legislative power lies
with the House of Representatives whose members are elected for a term
of five years. The House of Representatives has 80 members, of which 56
are elected for a five-year term by proportional representation and
three represent the Maronite, Roman-Catholic and Goumenian minorities.
Of the seats 24 are allocated to the Turkish minority.
Executive:
President: Tassos Papadopoulos
Political Parties
Republic of Cyprus: Democratic Party or DIKO [Tassos PAPADOPOULOS];
Democratic Rally or DISY [Nikos ANASTASIADHIS]; Fighting Democratic
Movement or ADIK [Dinos MIKHAILIDIS]; Green Party of Cyprus [George
PERDIKIS]; New Horizons [Nikolaus KOUTSOU]; Restorative Party of the
Working People or AKEL (Communist Party) [Dimitrios CHRISTOFIAS];
Social Democrats Movement or KISOS (formerly United Democratic Union of
Cyprus or EDEK) [Yiannakis OMIROU]; United Democrats Movement or EDE
[George VASSILIOU].
Elections
Presidential elections were last held on 16 February
2003 with 10 candidates for the position. Opposition candidate Tassos
Papadopoulos won the presidency from incumbent Glafcos Clerides (DISY).
Papadopoulos received 51.51% of the vote while Clerides received 38.8%
of the vote. In the 27 May 2001 parliamentary elections AKEL won 34.7%
of the vote and 20 seats, DISY won 34% of the vote and 19 seats, DIKO
won 14.9% of the vote and 9 seats, KISOS won 6.5% of the vote and 4
seats. The ADIK, the EDI, the Ecological Environmental Movement, and
NEO parties won one seat each.
Economy
Tourism and financial services are the main pillars of the economy. In
2004, the services sector accounted for 76% of GDP. Of the US$4,5
billion annual gross foreign exchange earnings, 38% originates from
tourism, 22% from exports, 9% from transportation and over 9% from
international business and shipping companies. Economic policy is
focused on meeting the criteria to join the European Exchange Rate
Mechanism (ERM2) within the next two years although sluggish tourism
and poor fiscal management have resulted in growing budget deficits
since 2001.
Gross domestic product (2004 estimated)
3.2% growth in real terms.
Labour force (2004 est.,)
Unemployment: 3.2%
Public Holidays (2005)
1 January (New Year), 6 January (Epiphany), 14 February (Clean Monday,
start of Lent), 25 March (Greek Independence Day), 25 March (Good
Friday), 1 April (EOKA day), 1 May (May Day), 10 May (Holy Ghost), 15
August (Assumption), 1 October (Cyprus Independence), 28 October (Ochi
Day), 25-26 December (Christmas)
Time zone
GMT plus 2 hours. The clock goes forward 1 hour at
1:00 on the last Sunday in March and back one hour at 1:00 on the last
Sunday in October.
Financial Year: Calendar Year
Restaurant Guide
We recommend:
Trattoria Romantica
13 Evagoras Pallikarides St
Nicosia
Tel. 02 377 276
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