Now Take That: Feds Put Billionaire Expat on No-Fly List
Each year, a few hundred Americans give up their U.S. nationality and passport. It's a radical step, not to be taken lightly.
If you look at the expat list the Federal Register publishes quarterly, you'll notice most expats have foreign-sounding names. Many in this group are presumably individuals who by circumstances of birth or parentage unintentionally became U.S. citizens.
It's not surprising that someone with no significant ties to the United States might wish to give up their U.S. nationality. Among other responsibilities, U.S. citizenship brings about a legal obligation to comply with U.S. tax laws, filing an annual U.S. tax return, and paying U.S. tax on all income, anywhere in the world.
But not all Americans who expatriate are accidental U.S. citizens. Indeed, some very prominent Americans have given up their citizenship, including Sir John Templeton, chairman of The Templeton Group, Michael Dingman, chairman of Abex and a Ford Motor Co. director, Campbell Soup heir John Dorrance III, former Star-Kist Foods Chairman Joseph Bogdanovich, and Kenneth Dart, an heir to Dart Container and the US$1 billion Dart family fortune.
Why would a wealthy American give up U.S. citizenship? For such Americans, they pay for their American citizenship with millions in annual tax payments. But that's not all. These wealthy Americans also can lose business and investment opportunities just because they're Americans. That's because an increasing number of individuals and institutions globally refuse to do business with U.S. citizens or residents. Laws like the USA PATRIOT Act, the Treasury Department's "qualified intermediary" rules" and the long arm of the Securities and Exchange Commission have all inspired foreigners to just leave Americans alone.
However, expatriation is politically unpopular. The image of former U.S. citizens living tax-free in some tropical paradise is an irresistible populist target. As a result, anti-expatriation rules penalize U.S. citizens and long-term residents who give up their citizenship or residence for tax avoidance reasons. We've had these laws on the books for decades. First imposed in the 1960s, the rules were tightened in 1996 and again in 2004.
These rules impose an alternative tax regime on expatriates' income and estate for 10 years after they give up U.S. citizenship. You apply for these extra taxes if your income and/or past income tax liability at the time of expatriation meets certain thresholds.
Currently, the rules come into effect for expatriates with an estate larger than US$2 million or who paid more than an average of US$136,000 in income tax for the five-year period preceding expatriation. They apply to the net combined amount of U.S. source income and income "effectively connected" with a U.S. trade or business, along with several other sources of income.
Various proposals before Congress would tighten these rules, most notably by imposing an "exit tax" on the unrealized gains of an expatriate's worldwide estate, including assets in retirement and pension plans. (Click here for more on this stringent exit tax. )
While careful planning is essential, it's relatively easy to avoid U.S. taxes for the 10 years after giving up U.S. citizenship, should you be subject to the alternative tax regime. The most important precaution is to avoid U.S. source income - although U.S. source income under the anti-expatriation regime has a wider scope than elsewhere in the tax code. It's also possible to avoid tax on gains from certain types of U.S. assets by postponing their sale until after the 10-year period has elapsed.
Without careful planning however, the results can be catastrophic. Such was the case of a gentleman I know. This successful entrepreneur has a billion-dollar business, and he's lived outside the United States for over a decade. He recently gave up his U.S. citizenship, and not only wound up paying millions of dollars in unnecessary taxes, but also found himself on the Transportation Safety Authority's (TSA) "no-fly list."
This individual just happens to be a long-time vocal critic of U.S. economic, political and military policies. In other words, he has been a thorn in the U.S. government's side for decades. So it's not surprising he ended up on the "no-fly list."
He's not alone. Many such critics have found themselves mysteriously on the no-fly list. I have no way of proving it (all documents to prove this would be confidential). But I suspect that my billionaire acquaintance's expatriation may have upset enough high-level government officials to result in his current "no fly" status.
It's a sad commentary on the United States when it stoops to such petty means to punish someone whose only "crime" was to take legal steps to end his permanent obligation to pay U.S. tax. And it will be sadder still when the exit tax, which enjoys overwhelming support in both the House and Senate, effectively slams the door shut for those considering following his example.
MARK NESTMANN, Privacy Expert & President of The Nestmann Group www.nestmann.com
P.S. Once again, expatriation takes careful planning. If you'd like more information on this option, check out my colleague, Bob Bauman's report.
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